T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prurock Analysis

T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prurock Analysis In T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the author is establishing the danger the narrator is having dealing with getting older. Prufrock is the narrator in this poem, and believes that age is a burden and is totally troubled by it. He feels the prime of his life is over and he cant love women the way he used to. His worry with the passing of time characterizes his fear of aging. The poem deals with these fears. In this poem, Prufrock feels unsure about himself. He is frightened of what people will say when they see his balding head and aging body. He also believes that everyone will think he is old and worthless and they will talk about him behind his back.†¦show more content†¦This is the conclusion he reaches in order to decide to accept his place in society and live life the way he should. Eliot often uses the reference of time in order to show the state of mind of the narrator. The contrasts used show the total uncertainty of Prufrock. For the most part the examples are used to illustrate the stereotype of an old person. It is usual that aging people did not work and therefore had time to ponder about and other aspects of their existence. And Indeed there will be time To wonder, Do I dare? and, Do I Dare? His eternal dilemma is characterized by his belief that there will be time to consider everything. The time allusions are to show that Prufrock is getting increasingly older. He says I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.(51) This again shows his obsession with the passing of time. Feeling out of place, Prufrock realizes he cannot hang with the type of people he once did. He can relate to them but he feels they will not accept him because of his age and appearance. His life is lonely and boring while their state is fun and exciting. I know the voices dying with a dying fall/Beneath the music from a farther room.(52-53) He can hear the voices of his neighbors but he cannot go to them. He is worried about the idea of the younger generation checking him out. He

The Renaissance Versus the Reformation - 1340 Words

The Renaissance versus the Reformation I feel, sometimes, as the Renaissance man must have felt in finding new riches at every point and in the certainty that unexplored areas of knowledge and experience await at every turnÂâ€"Polykarp Kusch. Two very critical periods in the history of western civilization involved the eras of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The renaissance evolved mainly in direct result to the medieval times where the people where obedient to authority. The reformation took place right after in the sixteenth century and took the Renaissance a few steps further by trying to reform the Catholic church which had become corrupt and sold indulgences. These two time period each had its own defining ideas which†¦show more content†¦Communalism is where people actually band together for a cause such as the Protestants against the Catholic Church. Also, both the Renaissance and Reformation have had major impacts to our modern world. The Renaissance and its suggestion to question author ity is what I believe the reason that democracy exists. The Renaissance led to a scientific revolution and ever since, technology has been growing at an astounding pace. From the individualist views of the reformation, and birth of communalism against the Catholic Church in the Reformation, both time periods have been influential through its evolution in religion, science, art, and literature. The Renaissance and the Reformation have both had their major contributions to history and have implemented some concepts that are still relevant to the world today. Mona Lisa [1503-1506] by Leonard da Vinci. The School of Athens - fresco by Raffaello Sanzio (w) 95Thesen.jpg (678 Ãâ€" 521 pixel, file size: 106 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Wittenberg: Melchior Lotter d.J., 1522 Annotated Bibliography Elton, G.R. Renaissance and Reformation. Second Edition. The MacMillan Company, New York. 1963 I used this book mainly to help me understand the basic concepts and principle of the reformation and renaissance. I learned also the major concepts embodied during both of those time periods and also the important people that helpedShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance1071 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Renaissance existed. The Renaissance housed some of the greatest intellects, such as Leonardo da Vinci, and a radically different way of thinking emerged. Humanism developed largely and rapidly among this time, and was greatly influenced by a man named Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536). Erasmus, a Dutchman, originally lived among monasteries where he developed many opposing views during his years of service. 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The contrast between Venus and Adonis’ sides of the painting may be representative of Venus’ knowledge of Adonis’ fate, versus Adonis and his naive mortal expectations; because Venus knows Adonis will die, her side appears dark and withering while Adonis is completely unaware of what will happen to him and thus, his calmness is reflected in the background of his side of theRead MoreRenaissance and the Reformation Essay example2166 Words   |  9 PagesThe term â€Å"Renaissance† literally tran slates to â€Å"rebirth† as the Renaissance was a cultural and academic movement emphasizing the rediscovery and application of texts and philosophy from the Greco-Roman and classical eras. The Renaissance lasted approximately three centuries, beginning in the 1400’s and ending roughly in the 1700’s. Although no definite date can be accredited for the beginning or end of the Renaissance, it is believed to have been birthed by a gradual influx of ideas that was ultimatelyRead MoreThe Deposition From The Cross And The Entombment Of Christ1585 Words   |  7 Pagesattention of artists for centuries, working its way throughout the years, in and out of various of styles and movements. The artists of this era often found themselves reliant on this subject matter due to Churches being a steady Patron throughout the Renaissance all the way to the Baroque period. Whether it was because of the rich cultural impact to society or the enforcement of strong divine beliefs, depicting biblical narratives have struck an everlasting cord within this medium. Two particular ones,Read MoreThe Works Of William Shakespeare And Sir Philip Sidney1446 Words   |  6 Pagescan be discussed in the context of the works of William Shakespeare and Sir Philip Sidney. 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Wireless Sensing Technologies for Blood Pressure †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Wireless Sensing Technologies for Blood Pressure. Answer: Outline of activities undertaken so far In order to use wireless sensor technology for monitoring BP, an experimental set-up has been processed. There has been conceptual view of the system allows medical staffs in order to track vital signs related to the system. Depending on the distance from the base stations, the particular messages pass through several nodes of router. The graphical user interface is based on java that runs on the host system. However, main window of the graphical user interface can add data on the system. Based on the system, the system has been developed in the project. The topology of wireless network is making of static network infrastructure. Objectives and Scope: Any changes The project has various objectives such as identifying technological advancement on health care system. Analyzing the role of wireless sensor technology in order to monitor BP is one of the major objectives of the project. Sensor nodes of the network have been designed in order to allow movement of patient (Benharref and Serhani 2014). On the other hand, three types of interfaces with BPM. Measurements of blood pressure can be maintained for every patient. The readings are properly maintained for every person. In addition, present implementation of the system would be helpful. Findings the challenges need to analysis and take effective steps for overcoming the issues. The present implementation of project can open future opportunities. The improvements include a graphical display of incoming data for replacing present display of text. Alarm generation capability helps to alert care provider of reading outside of the limits. It is important to develop interface that additionally helps to generate basic algorithm through the provider and view stored readings from transmitted things of the procedure. Basic location algorithm based on the process. Data encryption routine can enhance effectively run on each of the sensors node that effectively run on each of the sensor node. Progress so far As the topic of research, it is important to select. Wireless sensor technology has a crucial role on daily lives. Moreover, wireless sensor technology is helpful in health care services. Thus, it is important to develop applications and make effective use of the wireless applications. In the project, objectives of the project have been set. In order to fulfill the objectives, secondary data from different sources are reviewed. After completion of the process, designing the research proposal is achieved. On the other hand, effective methodological tools are selected in the present study so far. As the research would be based on, planning has been made based on gathering of secondary data. After analyzing the research, findings and conclusions are generated. In order to develop wireless sensor technology for monitoring blood pressure, articles from different sources are gathered. It is important to select appropriate methodological tools for the research (Kakria et al. 2015). The methodological tools such as research design, philosophy and approaches are selected. In addition, data from secondary sources are analyzed. As wireless sensor technology presently provides several advantages and usability in health sector, it is required to consider the topic as vital and analyze to get best possible outcome. Up-to-date Literature Review There is Healthcare Monitoring framework utilizing WSN. In any case, fundamental disadvantage of this framework is that we can screen the patients for 100 meters separate as it were. The There is Healthcare Monitoring framework utilizing WSN with GSM we can screen the patients anyplace over the world (Jung et al. 2014). Amid the mid 1980s, simple cell phone framework was encountering quick development in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and United Kingdom, yet additionally in France and Germany. Every nation built up its own particular framework, which was incongruent with every other person's in gear and operation (Li et al. 2015). This was undesirable, in light of the fact that not exclusively was the portable hardware restricted to operation inside national limits, which in a bound together Europe were progressively insignificant; however, there was additionally an extremely constrained market for each sort of gear, so economies of scale and the resulting reserve funds couldn't b e figured it out. By utilizing Wireless sensor system, we make patients' life more agreeable and give practical arrangements. The security is vital in checking of human services which may give by remote sensor arrange (Tarapiah et al. 2016). So, it is a rising exploration point and it merits contemplating. The patients were checked in situ to sensibly survey the plausibility of WSN innovation for persistent observing. Our examination is somewhat organizing engineering named Health observing system which coordinates WSNs into web (Benharref and Serhani 2014). Each WSN is sorted out as a versatile specially appointed system with one assigned work switch associating with web. The medicinal services information gathered by sensor hub is altogether transmitted to work switch, at that point sent to back-end web server through web (Vashist et al. 2014). The entire system organization including working mode setting for sensor hub, detecting information overseeing and examining are handled on back-end server (Aldaoud et al. 2015). A proving ground is developed to test the execution of Health Care Monitoring Net, whe re sensor hub measures pulse, ECG, heart rate, temperature. Driven by innovation progresses in low-control organized frameworks and therapeutic sensors, we have seen in later a long time the rise of remote sensor systems (WSNs) in medical services. These WSNs convey the guarantee of radically in demonstrating and growing the nature of care over a wide variety of settings and for various fragments of the populace (Li et al. 2015). For instance, early framework models have shown the capability of WSNs to empower early identification of clinical deteriorate through continuous patient observing in healing centers, improve specialists on call's capacity to give crisis mind in extensive debacles through programmed electronic triage, enhance the life nature of the elderly through shrewd environments and empower extensive scale field investigations of human conduct and perpetual maladies. In the meantime, meeting the capability of WSNs in wellbeing mind requires tending to a large number of specialized difficulties (Benharref and Serhani 2014). These difficulties reach well beyond the asset limitations that all WSNs confront as far as constrained system limit, preparing and memory imperatives, and in addition rare vitality holds (Fernandez and Pallis 2014). In particular, dissimilar to applications in different spaces, medical services applications force stringent prerequisites on system unwavering quality, nature of administration, and especially security (Hamida et al. 2015). In this audit paper, we develop these difficulties. Furthermore, give cases of introductory endeavors to go up against them (Yuvaradn et al. 2016). These illustrations include: arrange frameworks for crucial signs checking that it is conceivable to accomplish profoundly capable information conveyance over multi-bounce remote systems sent in clinical situations. Advancements in remote sensor network (WSN) innovation and the general scaling down of their related equipment are prompting a few potential applications in the therapeutic business (Brinkmann 2014). Specifically, the capacity to remotely screen quiet indispensable signs continuously from a brought together area is a developing zone of intrigue (Li et al. 2015). This enthusiasm for WSNs is powered by the way that remote sensor hubs are financially savvy, minimized and can be vitality effective (Fernandez and Pallis 2014). Choices incorporate Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, which are centered on applications that ordinarily require higher data transfer capacity. Remote hubs utilizing these two correspondence conventions are typically substantially costlier and power hungry, and on account of Bluetooth, enable a predetermined number of hubs to impart at any given time (Brinkmann 2014) These issues make Wi-Fi and Bluetooth hubs unacceptable for across the board remote observing of patient crucial sign information (Benharref and Serhani 2014). Furthermore, the ability to do this without introducing a costly wired foundation is exceedingly alluring. This paper portrays a framework utilizing Crossbow 2.4GHz Mica remote sensor hubs, a business circulatory strain screen (BPM) and an inside created Graphical User Interface (GUI) to outline a model framework that can screen key signs from an extensive number of patients all the while. Outcomes so far As wireless sensor technology becomes one of the important technological advancement in medical filed, a research has been conducted on the development of wireless sensor technology in order to monitor blood pressure (Chen et al. 2014). In this purpose, a research has been conducted. Literatures from several books, articles and websites are reviewed. In addition, selection of research methodology has been conducted that would help to conduct the research in appropriate way. After the process, secondary data are analyzed that helps to analyze the impact of wireless sensor technology in monitoring blood pressure. Outline my interaction with my supervisor my group so far It is important to make effective interaction between supervisor and researcher. In the research, supervisor helps in selection of methodology for the research. In addition, role of wireless sensor technology in medical field has been discussed that helps to select the topic of research and pursue the research with proper objectives. On the other hand, supervisor helps to form time plan for the research that assists in completing the activities within the allocated time. In order to develop the project, supervisors have important role. There are 5 number of meetings have been arranged where selection of the topic, potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed that helps to identify the risks involved with the system. Challenges faced and its Solutions The rising field of remote sensor systems joins detecting, calculation and correspondence into a solitary small gadget (Li et al. 2015). Without a doubt, all correspondence between hubs is through the remote transmission strategies. Detecting is a strategy used to accumulate data about a physical protest or, then again process, including the event of occasions (Memon et al. 2014). A question performing such a detecting undertaking is known as a sensor. A sensor node is a foundation involved detecting (measuring), registering, and correspondence. A WSN comprises of appropriated hubs that help flag handling, implanted registering and availability (Brinkmann 2014). WSNs commonly transmit data to gathering (observing) stations that total a few or the greater part of the data. Because of conveyed nature of these systems and their sending in remote regions, these systems are powerless to various security dangers that can antagonistically influence their appropriate working (Patel et al. 2012). For the most part, sensor hubs are worried around two important security issues, which is protection saving and hub confirmation. Security implies the information privacy is accomplished under security system (Miramontes et al. 2017). While sensor systems share numerous similitudes with other circulated frameworks, they are liable to an assortment of exceptional difficulties what's more, imperatives. Time Synchronization is valuable for better correspondence among the sensor hubs. The time synchronization issue is to synchronize the neighborhood checks of sensor hubs in the remote system (Li et al. 2015). Numerous utilizations of sensor systems require nearby tickers of sensor hubs to be synchronized, requiring different degrees of exactness. Since all equipment timekeepers are defective, neighborhood tickers of hubs may float away from each other in time. At the point when a hub in the system produces a timestamp to send to another hub for synchronization, the parcel conveying the timestamp will confront a variable measure of deferral until the point that it comes to (Rashid and Rehmani, 2016). This postponement keeps the beneficiary from precisely looking at the neighborhood timekeepers of the two hubs and precisely synchronizing to the sender hub. There are a few purposes behind tending to the synchronization issue in sensor systems (Imani et al. 2016). A few reasons are as fo llowing: Sensor gestures are required to facilitate their operations to play out a specific assignment, Life time of organizes is relying upon control (Flick 2015). Thus, it is important to address the issues while researching on the role of wireless sensor technology in monitoring blood pressure. Modified Project Plan and Timeline WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names 0 Wireless Sensing Technology for Monitoring Blood Pressure 56 days Mon 7/24/17 Mon 10/9/17 1 Topic selection for the study 1 day Mon 7/24/17 Mon 7/24/17 Project Supervisor, Researcher 2 Preparing the layout for proposal 2 days Tue 7/25/17 Wed 7/26/17 1 Project Supervisor, Researcher 3 Design the research proposal 2 days Thu 7/27/17 Fri 7/28/17 2 Researcher 4 Literature Review 14 days Mon 7/31/17 Thu 8/17/17 3 Researcher 5 Developing the proper methodology for research 10 days Fri 8/18/17 Thu 8/31/17 4 Researcher 6 Collection of the Secondary Data 7 days Fri 9/1/17 Mon 9/31/17 5 Researcher 7 Analysis of the Data 7 days Tue 10/1/17 Wed 10/20/17 6 Researcher 8 Collection of findings from the analysis 4 days Thu 10/21/17 Tue 10/26/17 7 Researcher 9 Drawing conclusions from the study 4 days Wed 10/27/17 Mon 11/2/17 8,4 Researcher 10 Preparation of rough draft for the study 3 days Tue 11/3/17 Thu 11/5/17 9 Project Supervisor, Researcher 11 Review and final submission of the work 2 days Fri 11/6/17 Mon 11/9/17 10 Researcher References Aldaoud, A., Laurenson, C., Rivet, F., Yuce, M.R. and Redout, J.M., 2015. Design of a miniaturized wireless blood pressure sensing interface using capacitive coupling.IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,20(1), pp.487-491. Benharref, A. and Serhani, M.A., 2014. Novel cloud and SOA-based framework for E-Health monitoring using wireless biosensors.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics,18(1), pp.46-55. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Chen, L.Y., Tee, B.C.K., Chortos, A.L., Schwartz, G., Tse, V., Lipomi, D.J., Wong, H.S.P., McConnell, M.V. and Bao, Z., 2014. Continuous wireless pressure monitoring and mapping with ultra-small passive sensors for health monitoring and critical care.Nature communications,5, p.5028. Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Hassan, M.M. and Alamri, A., 2015. AIWAC: Affective interaction through wearable computing and cloud technology.IEEE Wireless Communications,22(1), pp.20-27. Chiuchisan, I., Costin, H.N. and Geman, O., 2014, October. Adopting the internet of things technologies in health care systems. InElectrical and Power Engineering (EPE), 2014 International Conference and Exposition on(pp. 532-535). IEEE. Fernandez, F. and Pallis, G.C., 2014, November. Opportunities and challenges of the Internet of Things for healthcare: Systems engineering perspective. InWireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth), 2014 EAI 4th International Conference on(pp. 263-266). IEEE. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Hamida, S.T.B., Ahmed, B., Cvetkovic, D., Jovanov, E., Kennedy, G. and Penzel, T., 2015. A new era in sleep monitoring: the application of mobile technologies in insomnia diagnosis.Mobile Health, Springer International Publishing, pp.101-127. Imani, S., Bandodkar, A.J., Mohan, A.V., Kumar, R., Yu, S., Wang, J. and Mercier, P.P., 2016. A wearable chemicalelectrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring.Nature communications,7, p.ncomms11650. Jung, S.J., Shin, H.S. and Chung, W.Y., 2014. Driver fatigue and drowsiness monitoring system with embedded electrocardiogram sensor on steering wheel.IET Intelligent Transport Systems,8(1), pp.43-50. Kakria, P., Tripathi, N.K. and Kitipawang, P., 2015. A real-time health monitoring system for remote cardiac patients using smartphone and wearable sensors.International journal of telemedicine and applications,2015, p.8. Li, S., Da Xu, L. and Zhao, S., 2015. The internet of things: a survey.Information Systems Frontiers,17(2), pp.243-259. Memon, M., Wagner, S.R., Pedersen, C.F., Beevi, F.H.A. and Hansen, F.O., 2014. Ambient assisted living healthcare frameworks, platforms, standards, and quality attributes.Sensors,14(3), pp.4312-4341. Miramontes, R., Aquino, R., Flores, A., Rodrguez, G., Anguiano, R., Ros, A. and Edwards, A., 2017. PlaIMoS: a remote mobile healthcare platform to monitor cardiovascular and respiratory variables.Sensors,17(1), p.176. Patel, S., Park, H., Bonato, P., Chan, L. and Rodgers, M., 2012. A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation,9(1), p.21. Rashid, B. and Rehmani, M.H., 2016. Applications of wireless sensor networks for urban areas: A survey.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,60, pp.192-219. Tarapiah, S., Aziz, K., Atalla, S. and Ismail, S.H., 2016. Smart Real-Time Healthcare Monitoring and Tracking System using GSM/GPS Technologies.International Journal of Computer Applications, pp.19-26. Vashist, S.K., Schneider, E.M. and Luong, J.H., 2014. Commercial smartphone-based devices and smart applications for personalized healthcare monitoring and management.Diagnostics,4(3), pp.104-128. Yuvaradni, B., Dhanahsri, D., Sonali, G., Gauri, T. and Thite, M.S., 2016. Health monitoring services using wireless body area network.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(5).

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Essay Paper Example For Students

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Essay Paper A monologue from the play by William ShakespeareLAUNCELOT: Certainly my conscience will serve me to run from this Jew my master. The fiend is at mine elbow and tempts me, saying to me, Gobbo, Launcelot Gobbo, good Launcelot, or good Gobbo, or good Launcelot Gobbo use your legs, take the start, run away. My conscience says, No. Take heed, honest Launcelot; take heed, honest Gobbo, or as aforesaid, honest Launcelot Gobbo do not run; scorn running with thy heels. Well, the most courageous fiend bids me pack. Fia! says the fiend; away! says the fiend. For the heavens, rouse up a brave mind, says the fiend, and run. Well, my conscience hanging about the neck of my heart says very wisely to me, My honest friend Launcelot, being an honest mans son or rather an honest womans son, for indeed my father did something smack, something grow to; he had a kind of taste Well, my conscience says, Launcelot, budge not. Budge, says the fiend. We will write a custom essay on THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Budge not, says my conscience. Conscience, say I, you counsel well. Fiend, say I, you counsel well. To be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the Jew my master who, God bless the mark, is a kind of devil; and to run away from the Jew, I should be ruled by the fiend who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself. Certainly the Jew is the very devil incarnation; And in my conscience, my conscience is but a kind of hard conscience to offer to counsel me to stay with the Jew. The fiend gives the more friendly counsel. I will run, fiend; my heels are at your commandment; I will run.

Bespoke

Bespoke Bespoke Bespoke By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a discussion of the word bespoke: I keep reading it in articles, and at least half the time I see it I end up looking it up because it just doesn’t seem correct to me. Bespoke is an adjective that comes from the archaic English verb bespeak. One of the meanings of the prefix be- is â€Å"about.† When miserly Samuel Pepys dreads that a man wants him to be his son’s godfatheran honor that would require some outlay of cashhe says, [The man] who I feared did come to bespeak me to be godfather to his son. That is, â€Å"who he feared had come to speak to him about the prospect of his standing godfather.† In early usage bespeak could also mean â€Å"to speak out,† â€Å"to ask for,† â€Å"to tell about,† and â€Å"to predict,† as well as the meaning that has survived in the bespoke of the reader’s question: â€Å"to engage beforehand; to order goods.† Bespoke and bespoken are past forms of bespeak. For example, A new set of chains was bespoke. (A new set of chains was ordered.) She had arranged or bespoken to have him killed. (She had talked about a hit.) In its current use as an adjective, bespoke refers to custom-made goods in contrast to goods that are ready-made. The adjective can also refer to a person who provides such goods, (e.g., â€Å"a bespoke tailor†). In England the expression â€Å"bespoke suit† is a common way of referring to a tailor-made suit. In the context of conspicuous consumption, bespoke seems to have something to do with the desires of hedonists who don’t know what to do with their money. Watchmakers look to bespoke design to court the super-rich: We will offer a bespoke service where the customer has a say on everything: the material, the case, the dial, the hands, said Thierry Andretta, president of the firm where prices for custom-made watches start at 100,000 Swiss francs ($113,000). Gourmet dining, private flights, bespoke safaris, slimming clinics and art auctions emerging as top status symbols The Privileged World City: Private Banking, Wealth Management and the Bespoke Servicing of the Global Super-Rich American speakers of less extravagant means and tastes are more likely to refer to the things they special-order as â€Å"custom-made.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)The Possessive ApostropheParticular vs. Specific

Evolution of Eye Color in Humans

Evolution of Eye Color in Humans The earliest human ancestors are believed to have come from the continent of Africa. As primates adapted and then branched off into many different species on the tree of life, the lineage that eventually became our modern day human beings appeared. Since the equator cuts directly through the continent of Africa, the countries there receive almost direct sunlight all year long. This direct sunlight, with ultraviolet rays, and the warm temperatures it brings pressure for the natural selection of dark skin color. Pigments, like melanin in the skin, protect against these harmful rays of the sun. This kept individuals with darker skin alive longer and they would reproduce and pass down the dark-skinned genes to their offspring. Genetic Basis of Eye Color The main gene that controls eye color is relatively closely linked to the genes that cause skin color. It is believed that the ancient human ancestors all had dark brown or nearly black colored eyes and very dark hair (which is also controlled by linked genes to eye color and skin color). Even though brown eyes are still considered mostly dominant overall eye colors, there are several different eye colors readily seen now in the global population of human beings. So where did all of these eye colors come from? While evidence is still being collected, most scientists agree that the natural selection for the lighter eye colors is linked to the relaxation of selection for the darker skin tones. As human ancestors began to migrate to various places around the world, the pressure for selection of dark skin color was not as intense. Particularly unnecessary to human ancestors that settled in what are now the Western European nations, selection for dark skin and dark eyes was no longer necessary for survival. These much higher latitudes afforded different seasons and no direct sunlight like near the equator on the continent of Africa. Since the selection pressure was no longer as intense, genes were more likely to mutate. Eye color is a bit complex when talking about genetics. The color of human eyes is not dictated by a single gene like many of the other traits. It is instead considered a polygenic trait, meaning there are several different genes on various chromosomes that carry information about what eye color an individual should possess. These genes, when expressed, then blend together to make various shades of different colors. Relaxed selection for dark eye color also allowed more mutations to take hold. This created even more alleles available to combine together in the gene pool to create different eye colors. Individuals who can trace their ancestors to Western European countries generally have a lighter skin color and lighter eye color than those from other parts of the world. Some of these individuals also have shown parts of their DNA that were very similar to those of the long-extinct Neanderthal lineage. Neanderthals were thought to have lighter hair and eye colors than their Homo sapien cousins. The Continuing of Evolution New eye colors could possibly continue to evolve as mutations build up over time. Also, as individuals of various shades of eye colors breed with one another, the blending of those polygenic traits may also result in the emergence of new shades of eye color. Sexual selection may also explain some of the different eye colors that have popped up over time. Mating, in humans, tends to be non-random and as a species, we are able to choose our mates based on desirable characteristics. Some individuals may find one eye color much more appealing over another and choose a mate with that color of eyes. Then, those genes are passed down to their offspring and continue to be available in the gene pool.

Holocaust Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Holocaust - Literature review Example Adolf Hitler’s role in the Holocaust thus was of absolute measure and his doings led to a changing in the entire world and affected many parts like the Middle East as well. ("Adolf Hitler.") Adolf Hitler, also known as the Fuhrer, was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party and soon went on to become the German Chancellor in the year 1933. He played a very vital role in establishing and taking further the rule of fascism in Europe and has played a very significant role in the Second World War. The Beer Hall Putsch came to be known as the failed coup d’etat that Hitler had attempted which led to him being imprisoned for a short term during which he wrote his biography titled Mein Kampf which has come to be known as one of the most widely read books of today. It contains some of the most monstrous and heinous ideas with respect to cruelty subjected towards mankind. There have been certain accounts of Hitler in his previous days where he has been kind tow ards Jews, thus this animosity towards the Jewish people probably began much later in his life. He used to interact with the common people, mostly Jews and try and make a living before he had become a part of the army and the political party of Germany. He became an anti-Semitic during his time in Vienna and this group of anti-Semitics had a vast number of Jews as well. Many even say that he was influenced deeply by Martin Luther’s book, ‘On The Jews and Their Lies.’ This did indeed make a great impact on the religious and political associations of Germany at the time. (Toland, John) In the First World War, Hitler fought in a number of major battles and had come to be known as a very brave and undefeated soldier. He was a creative man and devoted a lot of his time to his art and cartoon making. Soon after entering into politics, he tried to push his stance in the country with respect to fascism as he tried to take over what is known as the Beer Hall Pustch. Hitle r’s modus operandi, titled Mein Kampf was earlier titled ‘Four and a half years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.’ He did not have much regard for people that were below him as more and more power came to attach itself to him. As soon as he became the Chancellor of Germany, he tried to foil all the plans of his opponents that wanted to come to power because he wanted to maintain a dictatorship in all of the land. In 1934, he said to a correspondent, â€Å"At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the Nazi movement will go on for 1,000 years! ... Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power!†( "Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler."  ) The Holocaust was one of the most evil implemented ideas of Hitler; it was commonly known as the killing of the Jews. During the Second World War, Hitler ordered th e construction of concentration camps by the Nazis, commonly known as Auschwitz, in which approximately six million Jews were tortured and killed. Other people like homosexuals, Soviet prisoners, Polish people, disabled people, and other political and religious opponents were killed mercilessly which led to the total count being almost seventeen million people. (Adolf Hitler Biography.) The prisoners in these camps were also sent to extermination camps and

In what ways do your ontological (worldview) and epistemological Essay

In what ways do your ontological (worldview) and epistemological (knowledge construction) perspectives align with (or do not align with) the world Englishes paradigm - Essay Example 210; cited in Bolton, n.d., p. 368). As such, one’s ontological and epistemological perspectives actually align with WE paradigm in terms of recognition, commitment, and firm belief that ‘English’ as an international language has evolved through time with increasing importance being acknowledged through its evident use as a universally known and accepted language. Using this premise, one’s knowledge construction on the subject, seen as a potential opportunity not only to expand personal understanding and depth of the language, per se; but more so, as a means of professional livelihood, justify the need to confirm alignment with the WE model. Therefore, through being more culturally aware of diversity in the use of English, either as a first, second, or additional language, one confirms that learning more about WE would be instrumental in echoing the relevant concepts that would be learned from this model. As more educators, like me, recognize that learning and teaching WE should be shared on a more global scale, acknowledging that learning and teaching English requires recognizing its multiple variants aligns with the WE concept. The growth and advancement being experienced in all societies worldwide confirm that applying the WE concepts would contribute to greater understanding and facilitate teaching English using the WE

The 2008 Presidential election Essay Example for Free

The 2008 Presidential election Essay The 2008 Presidential election will soon be upon us as many   states have moved their primaries closer to the present day. It therefore would behoove every individual, no matter how apathetic they think that they are about the political process, to identify it and where they lay within the political spectrum. It is a source of great contention for all responsible citizens, when others dismiss our political process and then later complain when they have done nothing to change the status quo and do not even know the names of the candidates. This could have identified myself a few years ago. I took a greater interest in the history of politics than what was happening to my country in the present day. I then became aware of politics and therefore, needed to know where I stood and why.. This does not always hold true and there are certainly exceptions. However, the fact that Republicans base their beliefs on their faith and Democrats base their beliefs upon the Constitution first and perhaps their faith as well, such issues as abortion, gay marriage, stem cell research and the break down of the American family, all have compelled me to place one foot deep in the Republican Party and the other foot outside of both parties in the event that the Republican Party forgets the faith of the people that they represent as did the Democratic Party during the 1960s and 1970s. I consider myself a Kennedy Republican: strong moral and religious faith, unashamed of the greatness of this country, compelled to improve conditions for minorities as well as the poor, but always pushing self responsibility, self control and fiscal conservatism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the earliest and most powerful factors in a variety of aspects within my life, has been my family. It is ironic that the person who I learned the most from, now votes differently than I do. My father is a member of his union at work so he is compelled to vote for the Democratic Party. He does however disagrees with their stances on various social issues. The rest of my family agree with me and usually vote as I do. I come from a nuclear family and as a result, certain experiences are seen as an enigma rather than what was once the norm. My childhood was far from perfect. However, at the end of the day, I knew that my parents would always be there to meet my needs as well as a few of my wants. This did not happen by chance but through hard work and preparation. My parents were married when they were young but did not have children until seven years into their marriage. The reasons for this are two fold: First, they didn’t have the money to   raise a family and second, they first wanted a stable marriage in which to bring a child into the world. As a result, I was afforded a few more opportunities and benefited directly from my parents responsibility. That is one reason why I am a strong believer in personal responsibility. If a person commits a crime, it is his fault alone for committing that particular infraction.   That is why I am against an unfettered welfare system in which positive reinforcement is given for negative behavior. This does exclude those who are truly down on their luck and despite their best efforts, cannot find gainful employment. This does not mean however, that an individual with no job, no education and no significant other who would be there to share the financial and emotional burdens that come from having a child, should continue to receive an escalated rate of payment from the government, because that person chose to have yet another child that they cannot support. The child should not be punished for the irresponsible behavior of his or her parent but the parent should not be rewarded as well. Unfettered welfare irks me to no end. My father worked two jobs in order to support his family. My mother is obese and is in ill health but still works 50-60 hours a week.   Rather than apply for disability benefits which she would surely receive, she cannot consent to accept payments from the government for services that were never rendered.   My father is a painter in the summer and a school teacher the rest of the year. One summer day, he was painting outside and lost his balance.   He fell and fractured his ribs on an air conditioner unit. He was back to work in two days with a bandage on his abdomen. As a family, we were never poor and he could have afforded to stay home for another week but if he could work, he did and continued to do so, six days a week, fifty two weeks out of the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result, I am firmly against continuing government sanctioned positive reinforcement toward negative behavior in the form of unfettered welfare payments. The current welfare system was started under President Lyndon Johnsons War on Poverty† (Schlesinger, 1965 pg. 761) where it was assumed that people would fight and claw their way back to become self sufficient but just needed a helping hand in the process. It could not be fathomed then, as it is still hard to comprehend today, that people would submit to receiving welfare payments for decades and would even have more children out of the motivation of receiving a larger government check. I feel that it is the responsibility of the parent, more than society and surely more than the government, to raise and support that child. I also believe that if the government is going to help and give aid to those families who are temporarily suffering from hard times that should be afforded to them while encouraging that individual to find another job as soon as possible. The government does not exist to serve as a babysitter for the American people. This is not what the rights expressed in the Constitution states and it contrary to the American work ethic which helped to give America the influence that it is long enjoyed. Hard work, responsibility and self control, I learned from my parents. As a result, I find it hard to prescribe to modern Democratic thought that seeks to protect abortion when parental responsibility would have avoided such issues, unfettered welfare while the individual is able to work and universal health care when it is the responsibility of the parent to pay for the bills of their own children.    The second great factor that influences me is my religious faith. More and more people are identifying themselves as atheists. The Republican Party has shown that they have little room for them.. Therefore, they go, sometimes by default, to the Democratic Party and affect the political party that used to stand for Christian values. It has become a sad reality but one cannot hope to gain the Democratic nomination for President unless he or she is pro choice and pro gay marriage to some degree. Also, many Democratic are for stem cell research in which the human embryo is destroyed in the process. The Republicans do not have a monopoly on what is right and moral.. However, the terms: The religious right and the secular left are becoming more and more accurate, although there are many exceptions. As a result, as long as such issues remain so destructive to the American moral fiber of this country, mistakes that the Republicans make, including many aspects of the War on Terror, it is understood, will not last forever and therefore, people should not be switching their vote over to the Democratic Party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No matter how long it takes, the war will be over before babies will be given the protection of life that is seen in the Constitution and if our forefathers were alive today, would cringe at the fact that the practice of killing a human life, sometimes by piercing their brain with a steel rod, is allowed and tolerated in this country. The Bible states that God knew us while we were in our mothers womb. (Bible, 2000 pg. 328) Abortion is avoidable in 99% of the cases if the parents only possessed the desire not have sex until they are ready to endure the full consequences. Some of the blame should be placed at the feet of those who perpetrate this notion of a blameless society in which the consequences of sin which is now regarded as vile as a four letter word, is real and should be avoided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The same can be said for the issues of gay marriage and stem cell research. Such things God takes very seriously.   However, the fact that nearly 20,000 murders happen every year with the use of hand guns and Republicans fight so hard to keep that right, might seem to disappoint God as well. The Republicans do not have a monopoly on what God wants for this country. However, serious Christians cannot get past the idea of legalized murder and the continued acceptance of homosexuality by our government. Such notions appeal to many Americans and compels others to wonder what our forefathers would say if they were given the chance to commend on what has happened to the morals of this country. There are many on the political left that shake their head in frustration and disgust when they hear such motivations behind the Republican Party. This will likely be the case as religion becomes a four letter word more now than in recent history, As Muslim extremists hurt, not only the religion of Islam but all religion as those on the outside looking in and trying to understand those who claim a faith as religious fundamentalists and radicals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been a minor resurgence of faith in America but as much as Christians and others of faith push for America to be the country that it once was in the area of religious freedom and expression, secularists will push back just as hard. Although a controversial figure, Bill OReilly corrected identified the problem as a culture war. It was saddening but not surprising that during the Clinton Presidency, the Christmas Tree became rather a holiday tree. When crosses are forbidden to reside in the side of the road as a family member tries to honor the death of a loved one, Christmas is now referred to as X-mas and American soldiers who have paid the ultimate sacrifice to their country in a time of war, yet cannot have any mention of God at their burial if the government is going to sponsor it. When that occurs, it is hard to believe that   there is not a definite war on people of faith in this country and, from my point of view, it is perpetrated by people who identify themselves as politically liberal. This is not an attempt to vilify all Liberals in such a way. The Democratic Party of Franklin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, yes Lyndon Johnson, simply does not exist anymore and Democrats of faith are forced to choose their party over their faith as the two have less and less in common.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once I began to identify with the Republican Party as I grew stronger in my faith, I then wanted to know my role in the political socialization and if I had any role in it. I avoid fights and heated arguments on the issue of politics. Discussing NAFTA or the growing trade deficit is not worth the loss of a friendship as my friends can become rather heated in their discussion of politics. I find it refreshing that I discuss politics with people my own age who actually follow the news. There are many who have become so apathetic about anything that does not involve popular culture, that to discuss politics, one would first need to be aware of the very basics of American Civics to which many are completely ignorant. In those case, I tend to inform my friends about what is going on and sometimes, spin the information to perhaps gain another convert. I would conclude however, that everybody, especially the media, does the same to a much greater degree. If somebody hears the details of partial birth abortions but then the media, in an effort to calm the moral outrage of the viewer, informs them that such things happen in less than 1% of the abortions in this country, I would then inform the same individual that with more than one million abortions committed every year, if only 1/4 of 1% of babies were subjected to this procedure, that meant that every year, twenty five hundred babies were having their brains pierced by a metal rod; a baby with the same number of hands, fingers, feet and toes as one who had just been born. (Johnson, 2004 pg. 1A)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Republicans will probably lose their bid for the White House this year as the war in Iraq has made most Americans tired of the Republican Party and their mismanagement of it. Even the strongest supporter of the White House, questions when and where the Iraq war will end. This will cause a number of people to switch their allegiance to the Democratic Party. However, for the individuals like myself who are in this for the long haul and wish for America, not to become a theocracy, but to remember and respect what made this country great, to resist those who would seek to revise this countrys history and the basis for its laws. However, in an age of such apathy towards such serious issues that face the country in favor of who is the latest to survive the round of cuts on American idol, I am just happy to discuss politics with any informed and enlightened individual;, regardless of their political leanings. Such discussions serve as a welcomed and relaxing respite from what has become Americas most abundant export; mindless and fleeting popular culture. I will follow with great interest, the road that the rest of the country takes during this presidential election next year. WORKS CITED Johnson, Mark   Partial Birth Abortion Ban Challenged by Dems USA Today August 12, 2004 Schlesinger, Arthur  Ã‚   A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House New York: Doubleday Press 1965 Toobin, Jeffrey   The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court  Ã‚   New York: Doubleday Publishers  Ã‚   2007 The Holy Bible  Ã‚   New York: Oxford University Press 2000

Shark Valley :: Free Descriptive Essay About A Place

Shark Valley Shark Valley †¦ Where were the sharks and the valley? Grass, alligators, birds†¦they were all there but the sharks were missing in action. Anyways, I may have missed the sharks but I did come away from Shark Valley with two lessons learned. One is that determination pays off and second that it is never too late to try something new. Fifteen miles sounded like a challenging ride but I figured I could do it. I thought to myself, â€Å"you're young and in decent shape it shouldn't be so bad.† Lets just say that the dark sky and threat of rain were an ominous warning of what lay ahead. I jumped on my bike and the first couple of miles went by easily. There were birds to see and alligators to avoid. Then the wind started to take its toll. I felt like I was peddling and going nowhere. The wind was determined to keep me from making any forward motion. Miles started passing slower and slower. The tower, the halfway mark and my refuge, seemed a distant dream. It was frustrating and tiring. I started to empathize with Chaz's character from Skinny Dip . The everglades changed from a place I once liked to one I couldn't wait to get out of. I understood Chaz's eagerness to get home and be comfortable and away from the sweat and labor. Then I realized that I was identifying with a whining, lazy con artist and I stra ightened myself out. I told myself that the tower wasn't that far away and that if I kept pushing I would be there in no time at all. My mind said keep going but my legs were saying stop right here. Determination to reach my goal carried me to that tower and onto a comfortable bench. After lunch I was feeling rested and my legs were ready to go. The ride back went a little smoother because the wind was not a factor. It no longer teased me as I struggled to move forward. Not even the rain could stop me. I was on a roll and I wasn't going to stop rolling until I reached the end of the trail. It was a challenging ride for me but I was determined to complete it. Needless to say, I have never been so happy to see my car before.

Mba Essay Sample

MBA essay sample I came from a family who made constant use of street smarts to survive living in Nigeria. Both of my parents have not even finished secondary education. However, my hardworking mother never wanted the same fate for me. She never dare imagine me as a mainstay in the sweltering, overpopulated streets of Lagos, in danger of becoming the next victim of violence. It is a city full of tribal and religious tensions, forever waiting to explode. Yet, this was where I had learned leadership and discipline.It was hard enough to live in a dangerous neighborhood, but to concentrate in my studies while helping my parents sell market goods during my free time seemed next to impossible. I made a game out of it, giving points to myself for everyday I was able to fulfill all my duties. If I had to add the points together and redeem them in a form of money, I would now be a very rich man. With points in my imaginary bank, I was able to get a college degree in Economics.This made sense to me because I had always been interested in supply and demand. My parents’ daily toil in the market awakened me to this idea since I was just a young boy. I was also interested in the idea of rewarding a job well done, as I used to do to myself. An Economics degree also made me understand how some countries could rise and fall. I want to be able to control the rise of a future business. Here in the United States, I worried more about social acceptance and understanding.I am, after all, a minority among minorities, a black Muslim. The dangers that I was exposed to back home had taught me how to put on a brave front. However, I realized there was no need to be afraid. Even though there were still people who would look at me curiously when I don my traditional Nigerian clothes, everything is almost perfect. I say almost perfect, because we are always still working toward perfection. I am now aiming to enroll into an MBA program, hoping that this will enhance whatever business skills I already have.I want to be able to create a safer environment, in which my parents can sell their goods. Maybe I can convince them to start a new business, aside from selling in a market stall. An MBA degree is a special tribute I give to my parents. My parents value education, though they were not so lucky to become fully educated. It is with gratitude that I turn to them, looking back to the day I received my Economics diploma. It is with hope that I face my future, hopefully with an MBA degree that can help not just myself but my beloved parents to survive their plight.

Leadership Incident Essay

Companies differ markedly in their ability to produce future leaders, as several recent analyses of the 1,187 largest publicly-traded U.S. companies revealed. Among the CEOs in one study, a remarkable total of 26 once worked at General Electric (GE). But as the table below shows, on a per-employee basis that earns GE only tenth place in terms of the likelihood of a current or former employee’s becoming CEO of a large company. Top on the list is management consulting firm McKinsey & Company. Amazingly, if we extrapolate into the future from the current stock of McKinsey alums who are CEOs, of every 690 McKinsey employees, one will become CEO of a Fortune 1000 company. Some companies did not fare nearly as well, such as Citigroup (odds: 30,180:1), AT&T (odds: 23,220:1), and Johnson & Johnson (odds: 15,275:1). While some might dismiss the results, not surprisingly, the companies at the top of the list do not. â€Å"We are a leadership engine and a talent machine,† said retiring P&G CEO A. G. Lafley. Questions 1. Management consulting firms did very well on a per-employee basis, partly because they are mostly comprised of managers (as opposed to blue-collar or entry-level workers). How big a factor do you think composition of the workforce is in likelihood of producing a CEO? 2. Do you think so-called leadership factories are also better places for non-leaders to work? Why or why not? 3. Assume you had job offers from two companies that differed only in how often they produced CEOs. Would this difference affect your decision? 4. Do these data give any credence to the value of leader selection and leader development? Why or why not? Based on D. McCarthy, â€Å"The 2008 Best Companies for Leaders,† Great Leadership (February 17, 2009), http://www.greatleadershipbydan.com/2009/; F. Hansen, â€Å"Building Better Leaders†¦Faster,† Workforce Management (June 9, 2008), pp. 25-28; D. Jones, â€Å"Some Firms’ Fertile Soil Grows Crop of Future CEOs,† USA Today (January 9, 2008), pp. 1B, 2B.

fmla essays

fmla essays Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (...) The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) allows eligible employees of a covered employer to take job-protected, unpaid leave, or to substitute appropriate paid leave if the employee has earned or accumulated for up to a total of 12 workweeks in any 12 months because of the birth of a child and to care for the newborn child, because of the placement of a child with the employee for adoption or foster care, because the employee is needed to care for a family member (child, spouse, or parent) with a serious health condition, or because the employees own serious health condition makes the employee unable to perform the functions of his or her job. In certain cases, these leave may be taken on an irregular basis rather than all at once, or the employee may work a part-time schedule. An employee on FMLA leave is also entitled to have health benefits maintained while on leave as if the employee had continued to work instead of taking the leave. If an employee were paying all or part of the premium payments prior to leave, the employee would continue to pay his or her share during the leave period. The employer may recover its share only if the employee does not return to work for a reason other than the serious health condition of the employee or the employees immediate family member, or another reason beyond the employees control. An employee generally has the right to return to the same position or an equivalent position with equivalent pay, benefits and working conditions at the conclusion of the leave. The taking of FMLA leave cannot result in the loss of any benefits that were accumulated prior to the start of the leave. The employer has a right to a 30 days advanced notice from the employee where possible. In addition, the employer may require an employee to submit certification from a health care provider to substantiate that the leave is due to the se...

What Hiring Managers Really Think of Tattoos in the Workplace

What Hiring Managers Really Think of Tattoos in the Workplace Approximately 14% of the American population have at least one tattoo.  Tattoo culture is on the rise  and the trend has finally made it’s way into mainstream society. Despite this new found popularity, there still seems to be a stigma regarding tattoos in the workplace. According to Skinfo.com, People with tattoos are more likely to have limited career potential and are less likely to get hired. In fact, there are no laws in place protecting people with tattoos from discrimination. And it’s not just hiring managers either. Skinfo also found that 43% of people feel that visible tattoos in the workplace are inappropriate.Luckily, large companies such as IKEA, Target, Google, and UPS are more tattoo friendly.So if you have tattoos, how do you go about finding and keeping a job? Skinfo has compiled an infographic on everything you need to know about tattoos in the workplace. You can use this to plan for the good, the bad, and the ugly. Good luck!Source:[BusinessInsider ]

Care Delivery and Care Management in Nursing Case Study

Care Delivery and Care Management in Nursing - Case Study Example (Kurtzman and Corrigan, 2007, 20-36). This patient, Mr. John Smith has mental disability. Maintenance of Safe Environment: The nurse plans therapeutic interventions for clients with actual or potential risks for safety based on the nursing assessment of the risks and a development of a care plan for the specific client through a process called nursing process (Scott-Cawiezell and Vogelsmeier, 2006, p. 179-215). Nursing Process: The Roper et al. model for nursing offers a framework where during care, the nurse is able to ensure that his individuality is taken adequate care of and provided due weightage. The Roper-Logan-Tierney model recommends a problem-solving approach in the nursing process (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 17-19). Deriving from this, nursing process can be defined as a systematic approach to planning and delivering nursing care. This process comprises of four main stages, namely, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. After the problem is determined, the nurse can then assess the needs of the patient. Depending on the needs, a plan of care is developed, depending on which the nurse can determine nursing goals. Once the goal is set, the chosen nursing care strategies can then be implemented, after which, it is also important to evaluate the care process, since any gap can be rectified through evaluation (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 17-19). Assessment: Assessment is a cyclica... Smith. His main and actual problem was that he was unable to maintain his own internal and external safe environment due to his confused and impaired cognitive state. Rate of breathing, pattern of chest movement, presence of cyanosis, and pulse oximetry are important steps of assessment. It is important to remain aware that if needed, oxygen needs to be prescribed. Neurological assessment needed to be undertaken to assess the state of confusion and cognition. The aggression was also needed to be assessed. A safe external environment needed to be assessed by positioning of Mr. John Smith on bed, protective devices, and his own mobility. Apart from these, it was also important to assess whether all equipment for emergency care was within reach and was in working order. These included oxygen, suction apparatus, emergency trolley and resuscitation kit (Lesa and Dixon, 2007, 166-172). Identification of the Actual and Potential Problems: While assessing Mr. Smith, his actual and potential problems were prioritized. He was elderly with confusion and memory loss. Therefore, he was dependent for his care and needs. His religious and spiritual needs were also important parts of the assessment. His most important need was his care needs in terms of safety. Once his respiratory safety was ensured, his other actual problems were identified. He was having a problem with mobility due to age and confused state. This would call for positioning in the bed, safety arrangements in the bed and bed to chair mobility. Due to bed-ridden condition, he might have pressure sore or deep vein thrombosis (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 43-44). Independent movement was also unsafe. He could end up having falls that is a safety risk. He was having aggression that

The Major Issues and Difficulties Facing the European Union and Its Essay

The Major Issues and Difficulties Facing the European Union and Its Attempts to Effectively Fight Fraud Against Its Budget - Essay Example In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht was signed which gave rise to the European Union (EU). A single market devoid of any boundaries was established where people could go from one country to another freely. The single currency concept came into being in 2002 with the introduction of Euro. The EU family is growing day by day and more countries are joining in. The European Parliament, the body governing the EU, takes care of all the activities of the member states. The member countries set up the parliament by giving their votes. The votes are directly proportional to an individual country’s size. The parliament consists of Commissioners of different countries led by a President. (History of European Union, n.d.) With the enlargement of EU, more countries came into its fold. The challenge for the EU was to induct these countries into its set up. The problem faced by EU in this regard was that the Parliament was influenced by the bigger countries as they had the lion’s share of commissioners. The treaty of Nice underlined that the small countries will get to cast a minimum amount of votes while the big countries would cast the bigger share. This means that the bigger countries will influence all the decisions taken in the EU. (The treaty of nice, n.d.) Perhaps, the main issue facing the EU right now is the fraud against their budget. The symptoms are widespread now and the EU is facing severe problems in controlling the frauds against the budget. Despite the measures taken by the EU in controlling the frauds, various scams, and frauds surfaced which has led to the decrease in public trust on EU. OLAF was set up to look after the corruption against the budgetary frauds. (EU budget fraud, 16th January 2010). With the introduction of new member countries in the EU fold the problem of the transition begins.

Under Age Drinking Grant for the Air Force Essay

Under Age Drinking Grant for the Air Force - Essay Example Underage drinking is considered to be illegal if the consumer is below the age of majority, 21 Years of age. Most of the youngsters are drug addicts either directly or indirectly. There are cases where underage drunkards went out of control and making other crimes in alcoholism. Reports of death as a result of over consumption of alcohol can also be found. They also cause innocent victims in car accidents, sexual assaults, etc. There were even discussions made in order to reduce the age limit of 21years to be brought down to 18 years. But the existence of various public interest organizations and juvenile justice forums helped the lawmakers to keep the age limit in 21 Years itself. Under the Air force strict laws were made in order to maintain underage drinking catastrophe. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, enforced the Underage drinking Laws discretionary program. The main objective of the program was to decrease the number of first time alcohol consumption and related crimes, in Air Force bases like Colorado Springs. The program was to resuce underage drinking in selected areas by enhancing research based prevention planning and program focused on underage drinking among underage U.S. Air Force personnel. ... The program found that the underage drinking could be eliminated only by proper guidance to the public and by reducing the local availability of alcohol to underage persons. The Air Force Personnel takes the underage Drinking as a major threat. They says that the core value and quality of the Air Force is ruined by underage drinking. It reflects a clear danger to mission and discipline of the Air Force. Reports and researches in Colorado Spring says that an about 10%of Air Force accidents occur to under 21years personals, out of which about 40% are of alcohol related incidents, this report shows the intensity of underage drinking within the Air Force. The Air Force found that the underage drinking manner destroys the base of the U.S. Air Force as it can result in destruction of morale of the Air Force. So the Air force introduced three-layered measure to bring down underage drinking. Awareness given by the top leaders or ranked officers on underage drinking that it ruins the qualities of leadership. Individual level awareness includes educating personals to be responsible to themselves and to their job by promoting a zero tolerance towards underage dri nking. Air Force also made awareness on underage drinking consequences in Legal and Health issues. Police Officials reports that five out of fifteen will be underage Air Force Officials while raiding parties for underage drunkards in Colorado Spring. Public Interested Programs like Mother Against Drunk Driving [MADD] and Dad Against Drunk Driving [DADD]are two programs working efficiently among the underage drunkard in Colorado Spring. They mostly points on the Underage Air Force Officials. These programs have successfully advocated, and are advocating for the enactment of laws for strict and

How Nature Can Provide Sustainable Building Solutions

How Nature Can Provide Sustainable Building Solutions Contents (Jump to) Chapter 1: Introduction Section 1.1: Overview of the dissertation Section 1.2: The need for sustainable building solutions Section 1.3: Underlying principles and mechanisms Chapter 2:   Solutions from Nature Section 2.1: Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus Section 2.2: Other notable investigations Chapter 3: Examples of Buildings that incorporate sustainable features derived from natural examples Chapter 4: Conclusions References Bibliography Chapter 1: Introduction Section 1.1: Overview of the dissertation This dissertation will focus on looking at how Nature can provide sustainable building solutions, in particular for wind-induced natural ventilation systems. The first part of the dissertation will look at the need for sustainable building solutions, in terms of the damage that has been, and continues to be, wrought on the Earth’s natural systems, and the possible solutions that can be found by studying how Nature has developed solutions to the problems of ventilations in burrows, and the need for gas exchange. The fact that Nature has produced these solutions is discussed as an event occurring over evolutionary time, through the process of natural selection. Subsequent sections of the dissertation discuss the physical principles that have been mastered by the process of evolution, such as the Bernoulli Principle and the Venturi effect, which has led to the appropriate, sustainable, solutions that are found in Nature. These principles are discussed in detail in Chapter 2, in terms of their appearance in natural systems: the burrows of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, the complex burrow and cone system of the mud shrimp Callianassa truncata and the burrow-mound system of the goby Valencennea longippinis which allows for increased gas exchange to the developing eggs in the burrow. The three examples are discussed in detail, in terms of the relevant literature and experimental studies that have been performed to determine how and why the animals produce such structures. Chapter 3 presents some examples of buildings that have applied solutions found from Nature to provide sustainable living spaces. Examples include, amongst others, several buildings designed by Eugene Tsui, such as the residence of Florence and William Tsui in Berkeley, California, the Watsu School at Harbin Hot Springs, the Exposition Building for the International Celebration of Innovation and the Tsui Design and Research Inc. Headquarters in Emeryville, California, and the the Kanak Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia designed by Renzo Piano. The dissertation concludes with Chapter 4, which presents some concluding remarks, concerning the fruitfulness of looking to Nature for ideas for sustainable building, for looking to Nature can prove a valuable exercise, for as Tsui, one of the great contemporary ‘organic’ architects states in his book Evolutionary Architecture: Nature as a Basis for Design, â€Å"Every great discovery that has marked the upward surge of humanity has been an insight into some profound aspect of natural phenomena. Every tool, every medicinal remedy, every scientific venture, every exploration of the physical and psychological world is a glimpse of the ineffable mind of nature a mind that has no beginning, no end, no dimension and no parameters; a mind that is compelled to create, produce, evolve, differentiate and regenerate with such perfection and thoroughness as to be the model for every human endeavour†. Section 1.2: The need for sustainable building solutions Mankind is slowly killing the Earth and its natural systems. We are living with unacceptable levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is leading to increases in the greenhouse effect and widespread climate changes across the globe. These climate changes are causing problems for many systems, amongst them agriculture, making it much more difficult for those in sub-Saharan Africa, for example which is increasingly affected by drought and erratic rainfall patterns to be self-sufficient in terms of being able to grow enough crops to survive. Other experts predict changes in the circulation of ocean currents due to global warming, which is leading to a melting ice reserves and glaciers and causing far greater volumes of water to enter the ocean circulatory systems. Shifts in the circulation of ocean currents could have grave consequences for mankind. In addition to the problems created by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, pollution of the Earth’s water system has occurred on a massive scale, with experts predicting potential future problems with supplies of non-polluted water that is suitable for human use. The Earth, the blue planet, full of water and previously perfectly balanced, is facing unprecedented onslaughts to its vital systems, due to the excessive, wasteful and polluting habits of mankind. What can be done about this? It is fundamental that legislation be put in place now to preserve the Earth and its systems, and that we begin to act, individually and collectively, to save the Earth and its resources that are of fundamental value to us. Sustainability is a fundamental concern for all of humankind, as the population of the Earth begin to realise that we only have one Earth and that it needs to be looked after. By listening more closely to, and taking lessons from, the Earth and the inhabitants we share the Earth with, we can begin to live much more harmoniously and in concert with not antagonistically with the Earth and its inhabitants. The construction, use and maintenance of buildings contributes significantly to adverse environmental impacts, such as carbon dioxide production, something that will only get worse as the population increases and the need for housing grows. Many recent regulations and conventions have already been put in place to ensure that sustainable building principles become the norm in future; for example, a recent convention has been signed to reduce the discharge of hazardous chemicals to zero by 2020, and, documents such as the 1999 policy document entitled A better quality of life – a strategy for sustainable development for the United Kingdom, provide targets for sustainability within the construction industry. As many contemporary architects realize, nature itself is fully harmonious, with all of its parts working in harmony with each other, from species interacting but co-existing in a habitat, on a small scale, to on a larger scale the ocean circulation systems working in harmony to deliver nourishing currents across the globe. This harmony has been violated by the actions of mankind, and, through mankind not recognizing and respecting this harmony, we have arrived at the situation we are in with the Earth and its systems and inhabitants being exposed to very real threats. It is perhaps time that architects begin to study Nature and her solutions in order to arrive at sustainable building solutions. As Tsui, one of the great contemporary ‘organic’ architects states in his book Evolutionary Architecture: Nature as a Basis for Design, â€Å"Every great discovery that has marked the upward surge of humanity has been an insight into some profound aspect of natural phenomena. Every tool, every medicinal remedy, every scientific venture, every exploration of the physical and psychological world is a glimpse of the ineffable mind of nature a mind that has no beginning, no end, no dimension and no parameters; a mind that is compelled to create, produce, evolve, differentiate and regenerate with such perfection and thoroughness as to be the model for every human endeavour†. Looking at the natural world for inspiration can be a valuable exercise. Subsequent sections of the dissertation will look at specific examples of wind-induced ventilation, from the black-tailed prairie dog, the mud shrimp and the goby. These examples will show how each of these animals has adapted their immediate environment fully in harmony to the immediate environment, to the benefit of themselves and to their wider community. The ideas of organic, or ‘evolutiionary’ architects, such as Tsui, are based on similar principles, that architects should start, on a wide scale, to look to nature for sustainable building solutions. Looking to Nature for answers to building problems should, argues, Tsui (1999) become part of an architects repertoire. As Tsui (1999) argues, Nature is not driven by ambition, it has no preconceptions, no concept of style, and her evolution has been through small patient incremental steps, only allowing the ‘correct’ ones to persist, where ‘correct’ means the solution that is most fitting for the particular situation, the solution that is sustainable, to allow in-situ permanence. As energy consumption and the by products from air conditioning are amongst the most significant contributors to the destruction of the Earth’s systems, the subject of this dissertation is to look for natural examples of wind-induced ventilation systems that could, potentially, be incorporated in practical solutions for the construction industry, in terms of finding sustainable building solutions. Although it is understood that understanding the mechanics of natures microclimate control will not provide any quick-fix solutions to cooling buildings, these natural examples achieve equilibrium with their surroundings that is far beyond the reach of mankind at this time and, as such, by studying these systems, they can be learnt from and their novelties applied in design and building practice. Looking to natural examples of wind-induced ventilation will, therefore, potentially provide solutions to heavily polluting air conditioning systems. Section 1.3: Underlying principles and mechanisms Many animals need to live in burrows or to produce burrows for protection from the elements, for example, or for protection from predation. As shall be seen in later sections of the dissertation, the need for such burrows means that some elegant solutions to the problems such burrows present (such as a lack of ventilation) have been reached, as in the case of the black-tailed prairie dog, and that the burrows themselves can create favourable micro-environments and favourable conditions for the larger habitat, as in the case of the complex burrow and cone systems of the mud shrimp. An implicit understanding, and mastery, of physical principles of nature has been built up by these species over evolutionary time. This section of the dissertation will discuss some of these physical principles, including the Bernoulli principle, the Venturi effect and the Venturi tube. The Bernoulli Principle states that â€Å"for an ideal fluid, with no work being performed on the fluid, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a change in the fluid’s gravitational potential energy†. Essentially, fluid particles are only subject to pressure and their own weight, meaning that within a flowing fluid, the highest speed occurs when the pressure is lowest and the lowest speed occurs when the pressure if highest, with Bernoulli’s equation stating that the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing across a streamline is the same at any two points along the path. Bernoulli’s Principle explains how water drains from a bowl in a circular pattern around the axis of the drain and also explains how one feels pulled towards large vehicles if they pass by you at high speed. The Venturi effect is a specific example of the more general Bernoulli Principle, which explains how fluids can pass through a region of incompressible flow through a tube with a constriction in it, in which situation the velocity of the fluid increases through the restriction and the pressure decreases in order to satisfy the equation of continuity and to ensure the flowing of the fluid through the constricted space. It is on this principle, for example, that the burrows of the black-tailed prairie dog is thought to work, as shall be seen in Section 2.1 of the dissertation, with the volcano device for air acceleration being applicable to underground structures of every kind. A series of venting volcanoes could be aligned with underground rooms containing air-exiting vents to produce individually vented spaces. This phenomenon can be employed and rising warm air can be directed out exiting vents, as in the burrows of the prairie dog dwelling. It is thought that, by using the prairie dog system, air can be interchanged at a rate of 2550 cubic feet per minute with no utility power (Tsui 1999). The prairie dog mounds and volcanoes have been likened to a half Venturi tube where a Venturi tube is used to determine the flow-rate of fluids or air through a pipe. The Venturi tube has a specialized streamlined constriction that minimizes the energy losses in the fluid flowing through it and which, thus, maximizes the fall in pressure in the constriction in line with Bernoulli’s principle. These principles will be discussed in further detail in Chapter 2, in terms of their appearance in natural systems: the burrows of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, the complex burrow and cone system of the mud shrimp Callianassa truncata and the burrow-mound system of the goby Valencennea longippinis which allows for increased gas exchange to the developing eggs in the burrow. Chapter 2: Solutions from Nature Section 2.1: Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus The black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, is a ground-dwelling squirrel, one of four prairie dog species to be found uniquely in North America. Black-tailed prairie dogs live in colonies, which are generally established in cattle-grazed areas, as the prairie dogs prefer the vegetation surrounding their burrows to be short, so they can keep an eye out for predators. The black-tailed prairie dogs live in burrows, with one principle tunnel and, depending on the size of the colony, various numbers of side chambers that act as overnight housing for the prairie dogs. Unfortunately, as with many other native species, habitat destruction is causing a drastic reduction in the number of black-tailed prairie dogs (Hoffman, 1999), with conservation efforts currently underway to stabilize the population numbers of the black-tailed prairie dog (see, for example, Andelt, 1988). As Vogel et al. (1973) argue, where a fluid flows across a surface for example wind over the earth – a velocity gradient is created which provides a potential source of work. This gradient might, for example, be employed by a burrowing animal to induce air-flow in its burrow, which is long and narrow to avoid the obvious risks presented by predators. The burrow of the black-tailed prairie dog, long and narrow as it is, being, on average, 12cm in diameter and 10-30m in length (Cincotta, 1989), presents what Vogel et al. (1973) term, â€Å"a respiratory dead-space of extraordinary magnitude in which diffusion is inadequate, alone, for gas exchange†. For this reason, the black-tailed prairie dog has evolved a system of burrowing which creates a system of wind-induced ventilation within the burrow. The burrow of the black-tailed prairie dog has an opening at both ends and mounds of earth at each end, of different sizes at each end, one taller than the other, and each mound being up to 1m in height and 2.5m in diameter (Cincotta, 1989). When a breeze hits the mounds, air enters the burrow through the lower mound and leaves through the end with the higher mound. This system of wind flow has been independently verified in wind tunnel experiments, with wind-flow within the burrow being a linear function of wind flow across the mounds. Interestingly, not only has the burrowing system of the black-tailed prairie dog been found to be an excellent example of wind-induced ventilation directly from nature, but the architecture of the burrows of the black-tailed prairie dogs encourages increased species diversity of arthropods (Bangert and Slobodchikoff, 2006). Later work (Cincotta, 1989) found that adequate airflow through the burrow can be generated with only one mound, and the presence of the second mound has been explained by various hypotheses, such as the prevention of predation (through its use as a look-out post), or the prevention of flooding. Cincotta (1989) argues that the two mounds (which are usually found shaped one as a dome and one as a crater) actually represent functionally identical structures that have simply been built under different constraints in transport costs (i.e., different costs of energy). Thus, the ventilation model of Vogel et al. (1973) does not, concludes Cincotta (1989) provide a fully adequate model of the observed mound construction, and including energetic parsimony within the equation explains why the prairie dogs build the two mounds (i.e., although only one mound is needed for the wind-induced ventilation system to work, it is an energy-saving measure, in such a long burrow, to remove earth from both ends of the burrow). Similarly to how supplemented straw is used to stabilize the soils used in adobe brick construction, the mounds of the black-tailed prairie dogs are stabilized with plant fibers found in the topsoil near the entrances to the burrows (McHenry and May, 1984). Using plant fibres in mixture with the excavated soils allows the black-tailed prairie dogs to build vertically and to use less energy (as less excavated soil is needed), replicating similar energy-saving practices in building adobe brick buildings (Boudreau, 1971). Section 2.2: Other notable investigations Nature has provided engineers and architects with many examples of sustainable technologies. Animals do not have to resort to damaging the environment to be able to survive within their habitat; they fit, harmoniously, within that habitat, in balance with the physical conditions and with the other species that share the same habitat. This section will discuss some other examples, from nature, of how animals have evolved to cope with their surroundings in an optimal manner. The mud shrimp, Callianassa truncata, has been studied in the Tyrrhenian Sea and has been found to produce complex cones and burrow systems which affect the physical structure of the sea bed, and, concomitantly, the chemical zonations and the exchange processes across the sediment-water interface (Ziebis et al., 1996a; Boudreau, 1994). The mud shrimp builds these cones, therefore, to modify their immediate micro-environment by forming chemical links between the sea and the sediment. Adjacent to each cone is a shallow depression which acts to funnel water in to the cone system, and which means that oxygen, instead of penetrating only a few millimeters in to the sea bed, actually penetrates more than 50cm down, allowing oxygen-breathing animals to live in the holes (Ziebis et al., 1996a). The cones that are built by the mud shrimps are outlets for the tunnels, re-routing ammonia from buried sediment to the water above; this ammonia flow helps to nourish the sea water, providing more nourishment for phytoplankton, for example, and so the entire food chain benefits from the cone-building of the mud shrimp (Ziebis et al., 1996a). Similarly to how the complex architecture of the black-tailed prairie dogs provides opportunities for increased species diversity, the cone-building habits of the mud shrimp provides greater nourishment for those species that share its habitat. As Ziebis (1996a) herself stated, â€Å"it is a source of wonder that these relatively small animals can build such complex burrow structures and complex architecture†. Zeibis et al. (1996b) concluded, therefore, that the complex cone and burrow systems of the mud shrimp alters the small-scale flow regime, altering the shrimps own micro-habitat whilst also providing benefits to the wider community, so much so that it was concluded that, â€Å"the high spatial and temporal variability of oxygen distribution in a coastal sea bed depends on sediment surface topography (as formed by Callianassa truncata)† and the concomitant changes in boundary layer flow velocity and sediment permeability. Takegaki and Nakazono (2000) examined the role of the mounds in promoting water exchange in the egg tendering burrows of the goby Valencennea longippinis. Valencennea longippinis spawns in burrows and after spawning, the female constructs a mound on top of the burrow by piling up materials derived from the substratum. Experiments by Takegaki and Nakazono (2000) showed that the mounds promote water-exchange in the burrow allowing the exchange of oxygenated sea water to the developing gobies within the burrow, with dissolved oxygen concentrations being much higher in burrows with a mound than in burrows without a mound. The construction of a mound on top of the developing eggs thus not only protects the eggs from potential predators but also has an important role to play in delivering oxygen to the developing gobies within the burrow. These are but two further examples of how nature has evolved practical, sustainable, solutions to the problems presented by the immediate environment. The solutions formed can be extremely useful to engineers and architects who are wanting to design buildings on sustainable principles. As Thomas Herzog states in his book Architectural Designs Green Questionnaire, â€Å"In general I do not think that architecture can be deduced immediately from nature, since the design process and functions of our buildings are quite different from what is found in most plants and animals. Nevertheless, there are a lot of lessons to be learnt from nature, especially with regards to the efficiency, performance, adaptability, variety and tremendous beauty which most organisms display under close observation. Considering that nature has to obey the same physical laws as man-made objects this should be seen as very encouraging for us, making it well worthwhile to study its principles and mechanisms†. Chapter 3: Examples of Buildings that incorporate sustainable features derived from natural examples This Chapter presents some examples of buildings that have applied solutions found from Nature to provide sustainable living spaces. Examples include, amongst others, several buildings designed by Eugene Tsui, such as the residence of Florence and William Tsui in Berkeley, California, the Watsu School at Harbin Hot Springs, the Exposition Building for the International Celebration of Innovation and the Tsui Design and Research Inc. Headquarters in Emeryville, California, and the the Kanak Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia designed by Renzo Piano. The residence of Florence and William Tsui in Berkeley, California, designed by Eugene Tsui, is based, in its entirety on the tardigrade, which is known to be one of the world’s ‘most durable’ animals and which has systems inbuilt to ensure protection against flooding, fire and termite attack, amongst other things (Tsui, 2007). The house is fitted with a solar heating system and with a natural ventilation system that keeps it cool in summer and warm in the cooler months (Tsui, 2007). The house is, essentially, a living system that is capable of actively responding to any external conditions, with water systems in place that are designed to provide cooling and heating and which were based on the capillary structures of dinosaur species which allowed dinosaurs to regulate their own body temperatures (Tsui, 2007). The Florence and William Tsui residence is a notable application of the Bernoulli Principle, as it employs the Bernoulli effect in adjustable vents, which not only draw in fresh air, without the requirement for mechanical power, but also provide natural light and claimed to be inexpensive to apply (Tsui, 2007). Nostril windows pull out from the wall to let air in, using the Bernoulli effect, where air is sucked in through the open shaft and through the screened tube, which lets air in and keeps insects out. (Tsui, 2007) Tsui notes in his book Evolutionary Architecture, Nature as a Basis for Design that this facet of the design of this building was inspired by such natural examples as the prairie dog burrows. Also designed by Eugene Tsui, the Watsu School at Harbin Hot Springs is, again, a totally sustainable building, with solar-powered panels and movements of cold water around the building allowing for the natural ventilation of the building. The spherical shape of the buildings also allows for wind flow to cool the buildings, as a whole. The Tsui Design and Research Inc. Headquarters in Emeryville, California, another Eugene Tsui design, is also a totally sustainable building, incorporating natural ventilation systems based on the prairie dog burrows; the building is totally self-sufficient and uses plant life for interior temperature control, with a retractable roof allowing for the entrance of cool air, if necessary. Water is collected from the roof and used for all of the buildings needs; the integrated water system is seen, by Eugene Tsui, as an example of architecture as a living organism. Another architect whose interest lies in evolutionary, or, better, ‘organic’ architecture is Renzo Piano who designed the Kanak Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia. This building is a synthesis of nature and technology, reflecting the Kanak people’s understanding of the harmony of life and of Nature. As Piano states, â€Å" (I wanted)†¦an architecture that genuinely expresses itself between the assertion of the old, reliable values and the exploration of the new in the spirit of time† (Young, 2007). Piano’s aim for the building was to present an architectural masterpiece based on â€Å"finding the gestait† of the Kanak people and the site, through a full understanding of the Kanak people, their history and cultural traditions (Young, 2007). Aside from showing cultural respect in the design and form of designing this building, and thus fitting in to its intended environment well, the Kanak Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia also shows a wide range of natural ventilation systems. The faà §ade of the building is a double skin which provides a large air space between the woodwork and the galleries, forming a stack effect which, during the day, means hot air rises out of the space while cool air is drawn in to replace it; the cooler air then passes around the building at lower elevations, flowing out towards the lagoon at the side of the building (Young, 2007); in this way, the building ‘breathes’ with its environment, as a function of the environment in which it sits. Skylights set in the roof of the building allow for the entry of cool air, as necessary, and the interaction of all these ventilation systems allows the building to â€Å"find a continuous balance with Nature† (Young, 2007). Examples such as these buildings, and others that could be mentioned, show how it is possible to study Nature and to study the solutions provided by the process of natural selection over many generations, to enlighten sustainable building projects. That buildings can be built, for only slightly more cost than non-sustainable buildings, to act in harmony with Nature and to produce architecture that acts as a living organism is a beautiful vision. This vision of Tsui’s, as presented in his book Evolutionary Architecture, Nature as a Basis for Design, and in his many other writings, speeches and in his designs for, and his actual buildings is a beautiful vision, of mankind being given the ability to live in concert, not antagonistically with, Nature. As has to be realized, however, whilst Nature can be used as inspiration, the implications of scale need to be considered, in terms of the fact that solutions from Nature cannot simply be scaled-up in order to suit the particular needs of the built environment. The solutions need to be tailored, according to the particular situation, within the particular knowledge of the architect, as the implications of scale have a significant impact on the actual design of a building. Due to the implications of scale, solutions from Nature can never be directly copied, but need to be adapted as necessary to the particular situation in hand. The Bernoulli Principle and the Venturi effect can, however, when implemented successfully, be used to great effect in terms of producing architecture that is at once beautiful and fully at harmony with Nature, as a ‘living organism’ as in Tsui’s vision of evolutionary architecture. Chapter 4: Conclusions Green Architecture is the major architectural movement of our time. As has been seen, the ecological damage caused by buildings (through their heating and air conditioning systems, for example, or their use of unsustainable materials) can be recorded in real figures, in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide a building produces in terms of how much a building contributes to global warming. As has been seen, there are many pressures on architects, and on the construction industry as a whole, to produce sustainable buildings. This will only continue to increase in the future and so architects, such as Eugene Tsui, with their visions of buildings as living organisms, living and breathing in harmony with their environment are not so far-fetched. Mankind has become detached from his surroundings, and this detachment has meant that the Earth, and its natural systems have been abused, almost to the point of no return. As has been shown in this dissertation, the process of natural selection h as led animals to find, over evolutionary time, sustainable solutions to problems that the environment presents to them. Evolutionary architecture, as Tsui labels his brand of architecture, is an attempt to recreate this harmony and to offer to mankind a different vision of the built world. Studying natural phenomena, such as the burrows of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, the complex burrow and cone system of the mud shrimp Callianassa truncata and the burrow-mound system of the goby Valencennea longippinis which allows for increased gas exchange to the developing eggs in the burrow, as has been conducted in this dissertation allows architects to ‘think outside the box’ and to find alternative solutions to designing in a sustainable manner. This dissertation has aimed to show how looking to Nature can provide sustainable building solutions, using the particular example of wind-induced natural ventilation. That many of the natural solutions to this problem have been successfully incorporated in to many buildings, as discussed in Chapter 3 (i.e., the residence of Florence and William Tsui in Berkeley, California, the Watsu School at Harbin Hot Springs, the Exposition Building for the International Celebration of Innovation and the Tsui Des ign and Research Inc. Headquarters in Emeryville, California, and the the Kanak Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia designed by Renzo Piano), shows that the idea of adapting solutions from Nature is workable, if only we can take